psychology
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Ibogaine – Rite of Passage, Cure for Addiction
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How does cannabis itself work in the pineal gland?
Research on rats has shown that the pineal gland contains a functional endocannabinoid system,
in that cannabinoid receptors type 1 and 2, and the endogenous ligands
that bind to them, anandamide and 2-AG, are all present.
The study showed that the activity of the CB?-receptors varied
according to a daily cycle, with lowest activity levels occurring at the
end of the daylight period. It also showed that levels of an enzyme
responsible for synthesizing new endocannabinoid molecules, NAPE-PLD,
was reduced during the middle of the dark period.
Furthermore, the study showed that presence of THC reduced the
activity of an enzyme known as AANAT, and in doing so reduces the
synthesis of melatonin itself. An earlier study on rats
also showed that THC reduced the activity of AANAT, and suggested that
the mechanism that occurred was as follows: the neurotransmitter
norepinephrine starts a cascade of reactions, the end result of which is
the production of melatonin. THC disrupts this norepinephrine cascade
and thereby reduces the production of melatonin.
It is likely that THC’s endogenous analogue anandamide performs the
same action of reducing the norepinephrine-induced release of melatonin,
and is therefore fundamentally involved in pineal gland function. It
seems that low levels of anandamide or THC are therefore needed in order
for melatonin production to increase. As melatonin levels increase, as
they should normally do at the end of the daylight period, feelings of
sleepiness should occur.
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Strong Means Weak and Weak Means Strong
by Chad Holloway
“Strong means weak and weak means strong” is a concept discussed in Daniel Negreanu’s More Hold’em Wisdom for All Players and one of the most trusted maxims in the poker world. The concept is rooted in “reverse psychology,” which is defined on dictionary.com as: “a method of getting another person to do what one wants by pretending not to want it or to want something else or something more.”
In this case, poker players tend to act strong when they want another player to fold because they actually hold a weak hand; likewise, players act weak in the hopes of inducing action when they actually hold a strong hand. Although this is a simple concept to grasp, recognizing when it’s being applied can be more difficult; however, there are a number of different ways of to tell. Negreanu says there are two things to keep an eye out for: “This is another common tell that you can spot in several forms. It can be the way a player throws his chips into the pot or the tone of his voice that gives away his hand.”
Talking at the poker table is always an iffy situation. Whenever a player, whether it is you or your opponent, opens their mouth, they are supplying valuable information to the entire table. It is then up to the remaining players to interpret that information and act accordingly.
When you are making a decision based upon another player’s words, just remember “strong means weak and weak means strong.” As Negreanu explains:
“When a player sounds dejected, saying something like, ‘Well, I guess it’s now or never; I might as well bet all of my chips,’ that’s usually a sign that he holds a powerful hand. He’s trying to sound weak so he doesn’t scare you off. Trust me, he’ll show you a full house if you call him!”
Table talk is not the only thing at the poker table that captures the “strong means weak and weak means strong” philosophy. Negreanu talks about another situation where he routinely picks up valuable information:
“Another way to spot this tell is to watch how an opponent puts his chips into the pot. Did he forcefully throw his chips toward you, or did he gently place a stack in the pot? When a player throws his chips in an aggressive manner, he’s trying to scare you. He probably has a weak hand. On the flipside, when he gently places his bet in the pot, he likely has something strong and he’s inviting you into the pot, hoping that you’ll call.”
Aside from looking for strong and weak moves by your opponents, be sure to pay attention to your actions as well. Are you putting your chips in forcefully when you have a weak hand? Do you talk about how bad your hand is when it is actually strong? If so, you might want to make some changes, because your opponents are catching on to it. Furthermore, now that you are privy to the tricks of “strong means weak and weak means strong,” you can use them to your advantage. Feel free to change things up by acting strong when you actually have a hand, oftentimes this will confuse your opponents just enough to get them to pay you off!
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Snake oil, originally a fraudulent liniment without snake extract, has come to refer to any product with questionable or unverifiable quality or benefit. By extension, a snake oil salesman is someone who knowingly sells fraudulent goods or who is themselves a fraud, quack, or charlatan.